Trigger frame

An AP scheduling several stations to transmit at once, each on its own subcarriers — sent in a legacy PPDU so that everything on the channel, including stations that cannot decode the response, knows to stay quiet.

Not carried in 1 other format
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Mechanism

Everything here is true proportion on each lane's own axis. Labels float above their field and step down a row only where they would collide, so nothing is inflated to make its name fit. Zoom widens the whole diagram together and scrolls sideways, which keeps the lanes aligned.

PHY 802.11n Wi-Fi 4 µs
MAC octets

this whole lane is the PSDU, inside the Data field above

How the layers combine

Each layer names the unit it receives from above differently from the unit the layer above hands down. They are the same octets. Nothing is added crossing a seam — the header you see appear was always inside the slot, and only becomes visible when the next layer subdivides it.

  1. PPDU = L-STF + L-LTF + L-SIG + HT-SIG + HT-STF + HT-LTF + DATA ⊃ PSDU
    the PSDU is the MPDU — same octets, different name
  2. MPDU = FC + Dur + RA + TA + Common + User 1 + +N more + Pad + FCS

Select any field to read what it is and why it matters.

Every field, and what contains what

The same frame as a hierarchy rather than a scale drawing. Proportion is useful for airtime and useless for structure — a one-bit flag and a 1500-octet payload matter equally here and not at all equally above.

Structure

Every field in this transmission and what contains what — one hierarchy from the PPDU on the air down to the application's bytes. Indentation is containment. 75 fields, 75 unverified.