Pad Bits

Enough zero bits to fill out the final OFDM symbol.

Reading a capture

Why time on air moves in steps rather than smoothly: adding one octet to a frame can cost a whole extra symbol, or nothing at all, depending on where the existing padding left off.

Where it sits

non-HT PPDU > DATA field > Pad Bits

• Open in the explorer — Ack
• Open in the explorer — Association Request
• Open in the explorer — Association Response
• Open in the explorer — Beacon
• Open in the explorer — Compressed Block Ack
• Open in the explorer — CTS
• Open in the explorer — Four-way handshake message 1
• Open in the explorer — Four-way handshake message 2
• Open in the explorer — Four-way handshake message 3
• Open in the explorer — Four-way handshake message 4
• Open in the explorer — Probe Request
• Open in the explorer — Probe Response
• Open in the explorer — ARP request in a QoS Data frame
• Open in the explorer — ICMP echo over IPv4, in a QoS Data frame
• Open in the explorer — UDP over IPv6, in a QoS Data frame
• Open in the explorer — TCP over IPv4, in a protected QoS Data frame
• Open in the explorer — TCP over IPv4, in an open QoS Data frame
• Open in the explorer — UDP over IPv4, in a QoS Data frame
• Open in the explorer — RTS
• Open in the explorer — Trigger frame

Accuracy

Clause

802.11-2024 §17.3.5.4

Verified

Not verified against the standard. Treat this as a claim, not a fact.